{"id":11441,"date":"2024-10-17T09:30:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T09:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpele.geiio.com\/?p=11441"},"modified":"2024-10-17T09:30:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T09:30:16","slug":"die-co%e2%82%82-bilanz-von-photovoltaik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topigo.de\/es\/die-co%e2%82%82-bilanz-von-photovoltaik\/","title":{"rendered":"El balance de CO\u2082 de la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica"},"content":{"rendered":"

La energ\u00eda fotovoltaica genera energ\u00eda solar barata y sin emisiones. Aunque la producci\u00f3n de componentes fotovoltaicos genera emisiones de di\u00f3xido de carbono, el balance general de CO\u2082 de la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica es extremadamente positivo. En esta gu\u00eda aprender\u00e1 m\u00e1s sobre el balance de CO\u2082 de la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica.<\/p>

\u00bfCu\u00e1nto CO\u2082 produce un sistema fotovoltaico? <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

Un sistema fotovoltaico emite aproximadamente 40 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/strong> fuera de. Estas emisiones son el resultado de la combusti\u00f3n de combustibles f\u00f3siles, que se generan principalmente durante la fabricaci\u00f3n y el transporte de sistemas solares.<\/p>

Para la producci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas solares, de alta pureza. silicio<\/strong> que se produce a altas temperaturas y con un alto consumo energ\u00e9tico. Los pasos de producci\u00f3n son similares a los de la producci\u00f3n t\u00edpica de semiconductores e incluyen procesos qu\u00edmicos y de alto consumo energ\u00e9tico que producen subproductos. Por cada kilogramo de silicio ultrapuro se producen hasta 19 kilogramos de subproductos. La selecci\u00f3n de proveedores que tengan en cuenta los aspectos medioambientales es crucial para la sostenibilidad ambiental de un m\u00f3dulo fotovoltaico.<\/p>

Balance de CO\u2082 durante el funcionamiento <\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>

El funcionamiento de los sistemas fotovoltaicos es libre de emisiones<\/strong>. A diferencia de los generadores de energ\u00eda convencionales basados en combustibles f\u00f3siles, los sistemas fotovoltaicos generan electricidad sin combusti\u00f3n.<\/p>

Esto contribuye a reducir los costes de evitar las emisiones de CO\u2082 resultantes de da\u00f1os al medio ambiente, al clima y a la salud. Estos costes adicionales rondan 1 c\u00e9ntimo\/kWh. En comparaci\u00f3n, los costes de la energ\u00eda nuclear y del lignito son de 24 a 28 y de 22 a 24 c\u00e9ntimos\/kWh, respectivamente. <\/p>

\u00bfCu\u00e1nto CO\u2082 ahorra la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica en comparaci\u00f3n? <\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

En comparaci\u00f3n con las fuentes de energ\u00eda convencionales que utilizan combustibles f\u00f3siles, la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica ahorra m\u00e1s de 500 g de CO\u2082\/kWh. Una central el\u00e9ctrica de carb\u00f3n emite entre 750 y 1.200 g de CO\u2082\/kWh, una central el\u00e9ctrica de gas, entre 400 y 550. Una instalaci\u00f3n fotovoltaica, en cambio, solo emite unos 30 g de CO\u2082\/kWh. <\/p>

Fuentes de energ\u00eda<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>emisiones de CO\u2082<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Centrales el\u00e9ctricas de carb\u00f3n<\/td>750 - 1.200 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/td><\/tr>
Centrales el\u00e9ctricas de gas<\/td>400 - 550 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/td><\/tr>
Energ\u00eda nuclear (sin almacenamiento final)<\/td>10 - 30 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/td><\/tr>
energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica<\/td>10 - 40 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/td><\/tr>
energ\u00eda hidroel\u00e9ctrica<\/td>10 - 40 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/td><\/tr>
Fotovoltaica<\/td>20 - 40 g de CO\u2082\/kWh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Seg\u00fan la Agencia Federal de Medio Ambiente, el sector energ\u00e9tico tuvo en 2022 la mayor proporci\u00f3n de emisiones de di\u00f3xido de carbono, con un 37,0%. Este sector liber\u00f3 aproximadamente 247 millones de toneladas de di\u00f3xido de carbono. La energ\u00eda fotovoltaica es un componente importante en la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de CO\u2082.<\/p>

\u00bfCu\u00e1nto dura el per\u00edodo de recuperaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda de un sistema fotovoltaico?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

El t\u00e9rmino "recuperaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda" describe el per\u00edodo de tiempo durante el cual un sistema fotovoltaico debe funcionar para amortizar los impactos energ\u00e9ticos y ambientales de su producci\u00f3n. En Sistemas de techo fotovoltaicos<\/strong> Las estimaciones para el retorno energ\u00e9tico est\u00e1n entre 1 y 4 a\u00f1os:<\/p>

  • 4 a\u00f1os para los m\u00f3dulos fotovoltaicos de silicio policristalino actuales<\/li>\n\n
  • 3 a\u00f1os para los m\u00f3dulos de pel\u00edcula delgada actuales<\/li>\n\n
  • 2 a\u00f1os para futuros m\u00f3dulos t\u00e1ndem<\/li>\n\n
  • 1 a\u00f1o para futuros m\u00f3dulos de pel\u00edcula delgada<\/li><\/ul>

    Suponiendo una esperanza de vida de 30 a\u00f1os, entre el 87 y el 97% de la energ\u00eda generada por los sistemas fotovoltaicos no contribuye a la contaminaci\u00f3n, a los gases de efecto invernadero ni al agotamiento de los recursos.<\/p>

    \u00bfQu\u00e9 es el CO\u2082?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

    El di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO\u2082) es un gas incoloro. Se disuelve f\u00e1cilmente en agua y no es inflamable, inodoro y no t\u00f3xico. Junto con el nitr\u00f3geno, el ox\u00edgeno y los gases nobles, es un componente natural del aire. S\u00f3lo constituye el 0,038 por ciento del aire. Sin embargo, el CO\u2082 es un gas de efecto invernadero y contribuye al efecto invernadero. Esto evita que el calor se escape al espacio.<\/p>

    \u00bfSe puede reciclar la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

    La legislaci\u00f3n de la UE exige la prueba, la reutilizaci\u00f3n o el reciclaje de los m\u00f3dulos solares antiguos. Actualmente, m\u00e1s del 80% de los m\u00f3dulos fotovoltaicos se reciclan, siendo el aluminio y el vidrio los principales materiales reutilizados.\u00a0<\/p>

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Photovoltaik erzeugt g\u00fcnstigen und emissionsfreien Solarstrom. Obwohl die Herstellung der PV-Komponenten Kohlenstoffdioxid-Emissionen verursacht, ist die CO\u2082-Bilanz von Photovoltaik insgesamt \u00e4u\u00dferst<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photovoltaik-grundlagen"],"yoast_head":"\nDie CO\u2082-Bilanz von Photovoltaik - Topigo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Die CO\u2082-Bilanz von Photovoltaik\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photovoltaik erzeugt g\u00fcnstigen und emissionsfreien Solarstrom. 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